Tyler’s Model of curriculum development
Tyler’s Model is also known as Ends-Means model of curriculum or linear model or productive model or representative model or deductive model. The Tyler’s Model was laid out by Ralph Tayler in 1949 s.
Ends-Means model or linearity of Tyler Model
ENDS ------------------------------ Means
Ends
Philosophy, Aims, Goals and objectives
Means
Curriculum content and activities
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| Tyler model of curriculum development |
Tyler suggest three important sources that the curriculum planners/developers must follow to make curriculum development more relevant. These are
• The curriculum planners must get information about learners and their backgrounds
• Curriculum planners must get knowledge about present and future society
• They should get knowledge of major disciplines, especially philosophy, psychology and sociology before the curriculum development process.
After that curriculum developers must use students, society and subject matter as a source in order to get potential objectives.
Student as a source
Curriculum planners should get information about student educational, occupational, physical, psychological and recreational needs and their interests. Tyler suggested that this can be done by arranging students interviews with teachers, parents interviews with teachers, questionnaires and by taking students tests.
Society as a source
Curriculum planners must gather information about society needs and interests. Tyler suggested that this can be done by developing a classification scheme that divides life into various aspects in which health, recreation, family, vocation, consumption, religion and civic roles are included. After analysing these aspects of life curriculum planners can get more potential and relevant objectives.
Subject matter as source
Tyler suggested that curriculum planners must get information about the subject for which they want to develop curriculum. This can be done by research work and evaluation of those subjects. Evaluation of subject can be done by taking tests of students of this specific subject and gathering information about this subject from its professionals it means curriculum planners can involve those teachers that know about this subject in curriculum development process.
Tyler recommend that after analysing students and society needs and interests and gathering information about subject matter curriculum developers can filter out objectives obtained from these three sources through philosophical screening and psychological screening.
Philosophical Screen
The curriculum workers should focus on the philosophy of people’s it means what people’s want what are their needs and interests and then curriculum workers review the objectives and delete those objectives that are not part of philosophy of people’s. Tyler suggested that teachers should make an educational and social philosophy. Teachers outline their values in which recognition of the importance of every individual human being regardless of race , social, economic and national status are included.
Psychological Screen
Tyler suggested that curriculum developers must focus on psychology of learning of students. What methods are being used to learn knowledge from curriculum and what results are being produced after getting knowledge from curriculum. Psychological Screen help the curriculum planners that what type of content they must include in curriculum and what type of content is not required to being included. After passing the objectives through philosophical Screen curriculum developers can proceed curriculum development process.